j教你如何识别英语中意思表示否定的肯定句
英语中有许多句子，形式上是肯定的，但是其意思却是否定的，这是因为英语中有许多表示否定意思的词和词组。 首先一类是所谓“准否定词，包括few little hardly rarely scarcely barelyseldom: Few people have ever seen him get out of that house.几乎没什么人看见他从那间屋子里出来过。 He has seen little of life.。 他不懂什么世故（没有见过什么世面）。 I can hardly read the original without a dictionary.不借助于词典我简直看不懂原著。 People rarely see this kind of plant in blossom.人们很少见到过（几乎没有见到过）这种植物开花。 We scarcely ever need it; take itaway.我们极难得需要它（几乎用不着它）；把它拿走。需要注意的是，英语里一般都用这类“准否定词”表示“几乎不”的意思，而不说almost not. 其次，英语中有许多动词含有否定的意思。请看下列例句： The door simply refused to open.门根本就打不开。 The error of calculation escaped the accountant.会计没有注意到这一计算错误。 He ignored the whole speech of the schoolmaster.他根本就没有听校长的讲话。 The boy tried by every means to avoid being caught by hisfather. 那孩子想方设法不让父亲逮住他。 He failed to come to the appointed place on time.他未能准时到达约定的地点。 在以since 引出的时间状语从句中，表示状态的持续动词译成汉语时，往往要译成否定的意思，如：It is now six months since he (last ) smoked. 他有6个月没有抽烟了。“他抽烟已有6个月了”应译作It is now six months since he started smoking.( 其中started是一个短暂动词。) It is four months since I lived in there.我已经有4个月没有住在那儿了。（这一句等于It is four months since I left there.） Nobody of us has ever heard from her since she was in London.她离开伦敦后我们谁也没有得到过她的消息。 另外，在would rather (sooner)…than… had rather (sooner)…than…prefer…rather than (to ) … would as soon…as… letalone…等结构中的后一个动语翻译时一般也译作否定的意思。如： I would rather read than chat away my time. 我宁可看书而不愿意浪费时间聊天。 He would as soon die as surrender. 他宁死也不投降。 I prefer listening to the radio to watch TV. 我宁可听收音机不愿意看电视。 He cannot speak French let alone write a letter init.他不会说法语，更谈不上用法语写信了。 第三类表示否定意思的是一些形容词和副词： They are new to the work. 他们不熟悉这一工作。 The lake is free of ice even is winter.就是冬天这个湖也不结冰。 That was a poor (thin) argument. 那个论点站不住脚。 Do you think he was really ignorant of his son’s crimes?你认为他会真的不知道他儿子的罪行吗？ We all know he is strange to compliment of any kind.我们都知道他任何恭维话都不爱听。 英语中的许多介词也往往有否定的含义： Life is far from a bed of roses.生活远非一切都那么美好。 What I’m saying is off record.我讲的话请勿记录。 His conduct is above suspicion.他的行为无可怀疑。 The enemy’s accusation against us is beneath notice.敌人对我们的指责不值一提。 His rude attitude drove us beyond our patience.他粗暴的态度使我们忍无可忍。学习的资料啊
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